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OE Noun (categories, declensions, difference between root and "r" stems, a-stem declension).

The Old English Noun.

Nouns in Old English had the categories of number, gender, and case.

Gender in OE is grammatical. This means that nouns and pronouns followed different patterns of declension as a function of linguistic characteristics of the words. Thus wif ‘wife’ is a neuter noun and mann ‘man’ is a masculine noun, and wifmann ‘woman’ is therefore masculine also, as dictated by the second element of the compound. 

There are two numbers: singular and plural.

There are four cases in the noun systems depending on the grammatical function of the noun. The nominative case was used primarily for subjects, the accusative case for direct objects, the genitive case for possessives; and the dative case was used primarily for indirect objects, but had other functions as well.

Nouns in OE are divided into either vocalic or consonantal stems, depending on the element in which the noun-stem originally ended. There are four vocalic stem -a, -o, -u and -i, though the vowel itself was often lost in OE, the declension being actually inherited from an earlier form of Germanic. The i-stems, e.g., wine ‘friend’, for the most part joined the masculine a-nouns and the two are therefore treated together below. The largest group of consonantal stems was marked by the presence of n in Indo-European; other minor groups of nouns included r- and nd- stems. Among vocalic stems, masculines consist of a-stems (and old i-stems), neuters of a-stems and feminines of o-stems, while u-stems were either masculine or feminine. Consonant stems could be any of the three genders.

 


25.06.2018; 20:32
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