*The Northmen (Scandinavians)*

 
Tribes: the Vikings, the Danes The term «Viking» means «expedition» Expedition: - Old Norse viking/ vikingr - Old Norse vik - Latin vikus - Germanic wik fara I Viking – «go to an expedition» Reasons for travelling: For invasion: - attacked monasteries (they were not protected and had gold) - enslaved northern and eastern England, coastal religions of Ireland - searching for wives – searching for money in order to build a ship and be … (какое-то слово на i) Traces: - hangings for the walls of rooms - tables and chairs carved in wood - knives and spoons - silk cloths and gold embroideries  - drinking horns, bedsteads, musical instruments Vikings used for navigation sac rav, birds, stars 
 
Vikings ship (investigate the sea) - long ship - kinds of weapons Spear Sword Axe Shield Mail 
 
Houses for a lot of families and ships Covered in grass (warm inside) There's: - back door, bench, stairs, dairy, fire pit, front door, well - lamp, candle holders, comb, spoon for ears, toothpicks, hairpins, tweezers Kyrtill (overtunic and undertunic) Trousers and undertrousers Animals flat bones to do skiing Tales (былины) Table games: modern vision of chess (carved figures) Invented dice (игровая кость) 
 
The Normans Invasion’s: 1) “Normans” – from the Northern Coast of France 2) Conquered territory – Normandy 3) William of Normandy or William the Conqueror 3) William the Conqueror vs Harold the Saxon 4) Battle of Hastings (1066) 5) The Death of King Harold 6) William’s ruling (21 years) tapestry 
 
William the Conqueror introduced: Feudal system KING <= BARONS <= LORDS <= PEASANTS 1) shires and countries 2) sheriff – a royal representative 3) building castles in order to strong then the power 
 
Types of castles: 1) Motte and Bailey 2) The Rectangular keep (also called a donjon or dungeon) 11th and 12th centuries 
 
The most famous example of the keep in the Tower of London: fortress royal place state prison 200 museum 
 
William the Conqueror introduced: 1) Economical Book – Doomsday Book 
Language and the class The class divisions – usage of two words e.g. words for the living animals (cow, pig, sheep) e.g. words for the meat from the animals (beef, pork, mutton) Royal forests, e.g. Sherwood forest (stories about Robin Hood)