The pronoun is a part of speech which points out objects and their qualities without naming them.
Pronouns fall under the following groups:
(1) personal pronouns: I, he, she, it, we, you, they.
(2) possessive pronouns: my, his, her, its, our, your, their; mine, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs.
(3) reflexive pronouns: myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourself (yourselves), themselves.
(4) reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another.
(5) demonstrative pronouns: this (these), that (those), such, (the) same.
(6) interrogative pronouns: who, whose, what, which.
(7) relative pronouns: who, whose, which, that, as.
(8) conjunctive pronouns: who, whose, which, what.
(9) defining pronouns: each, every, everybody, everyone, everything, all, either, both, other, another.
(10) indefinite pronouns: some, any, somebody, anybody, something, anything, someone, anyone, one.
(11) negative pronouns: no, none, neither, nobody, no one, nothing.
Personal pronouns.
1. The personal pronouns are: I, he, she, it, we, you, they. The personal pronouns have the grammatical categories of person, case, number and (in the third person singular) gender.
The personal pronouns have two cases: the nominative case and the objective case.
The nominative case: /, he, she, it, we, you, they
The objective case: me, him, her, it, us, you, them
The personal pronouns have two numbers, singular (I, he, she, it) and plural (we, they).
The second-person pronoun you is both singular and plural.
The pronouns of the third person he, she, it distinguish gender. Male beings (man, father, uncle, boy, etc.) are referred to as he; female beings (woman, mother, aunt, girl, etc.) are referred to as she; inanimate things (house, tree, cap, etc.) are referred to as it.
2. Personal pronouns may have different functions in the sentence, those of subject, object, predicative:
But I think that was him I spoke to.
1. Possessive pronouns have the same distinctions of person, number, and gender as personal pronouns.
2. Possessive pronouns have two forms, namely the dependent (or conjoint) form and the independent (or absolute) form.
1. Reflexive pronouns have the categories of person, number, and gender in the third person singular.
myself
ourselves
2. Reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of the sentence in which they are used, indicating that the action performed by the doer passes back to him or is associated with him.
In the sentence they are usually used as direct objects.
1. Reciprocal pronouns are the group-pronouns each other and one another. They express mutual action or relation. The subject to which they refer must always be in the plural.
We haven’t set eyes on one another for years.
The common case of reciprocal pronouns is used as an object.
Elizabeth and George talked and found each other delightful.
The genitive case of reciprocal pronouns may be used as an attribute.
Not until moon and stars faded away and streaks of daylight began to appear,
did Meitje Brinker and Hans look hopelessly into each other’s face.
1. The demonstrative pronouns are this, that, such, (the) same.
The demonstrative pronouns this and that have two numbers: this — these; that — those.
This is used to point at what is nearer in time or space; that points at what is farther away in time or space.
This and that may be applied both to persons and things.
What do you think of that Belgian fellow, Profond?
1. Interrogative pronouns are used in inquiry, to form special questions. They are: who, whose, what, which.
The interrogative pronoun who has the category of case: the nominative case is who, the objective case whom.
“What was he?” “A painter.”
1. Interrogative pronouns are used in inquiry, to form special questions. They are: who, whose, what, which.
The interrogative pronoun who has the category of case: the nominative case is who, the objective case whom.
“What was he?” “A painter.”
1. Relative pronouns (who, whose, which, that, as) not only point back to a noun or a pronoun mentioned before but also have conjunctive power. They introduce attributive clauses. The word they refer to is called their antecedent. It may be a noun or a pronoun.
On one side was a low wall that separated it from the street.
1. Conjunctive pronouns (who, what, whose, which) not only point back to some person or thing mentioned before but also have conjunctive power, introducing subordinate clauses (subject clauses, object clauses, predicative clauses).
I don’t want to hear what you’ve come for. (OBJECT CLAUSE)
The defining pronouns are: all, each, every, everybody, everyone, everything, either, both, other, another.
1. All is a generalizing pronoun, it takes a group of things or persons as a whole.
All may be used as subject, predicative, object, and attribute.
...when all is said and done...
Indefinite pronouns point out some person or thing indefinitely. The indefinite pronouns are some, any, somebody, anybody, someone, anyone, something, anything, one.
The pronouns somebody, anybody, someone, anyone, one have two cases: the common case and the genitive case
Do you want some water?
Most of the indefinite pronouns correspond to negative pronouns: some — no, none; something — nothing, none; somebody, someone — nobody, no one, none.
Some defining pronouns also correspond to negative pronouns: everything — nothing; all, everybody, every, each — no, none, nobody; both, either — neither.
No Forsyte can stand it for a minute.
