27.Types of syntactic relations and syntactic connections. Illustrate the answer with your own examples.

Syntactic relations can be of 3 types:

1. Coordination – is syntagmatic relation of independence. There exist symmetric and asymmetric. Sym. c. – is characterized by a complete changeability of its elements(F.e. I need pens and pencils/pencils and pens). Asym. c. – occure when the position of elements is fixed (F.e. rock and roll; ladies and gentlemen). Forms of connection within coord.relation:

1. Copulative(and) – копулятивні
2. Disjunctive(or) – розділові
3. Adversative(but) – протиставні
4. Causative-consecutive – причинно-наслідкові(F.e. Like father – like son)

1. Subordination – is the relation of dependence.

Can be of such kinds:

1. Adverbial (to speak honestly)
2. Objective (to see a house)
3. Attributive (a smart student)

Forms of subordination:

1. Agreement (these books)
2. Government (to help somebody)
3. Enjoinment (when there are modifying particles: just, only, even, already…)
4. Enclosure (when there are modal words: really, naturally, fortunately, after all…)

1. Predication may be of 2 types - primary (sentence level) and secondary (phrase level). Primary predication is observed between the subject and the predicate of the sentence while secondary predication is observed between non-finite forms of the verb and nominal elements within the sentence. Secondary predication serves the basis for gerundial, infinitive and participial word-groups (predicative complexes).