16. Functions of P.I in the sentence.

Attributive (only P.I simple)(F.e. The man, smoking a cigar, is my father)
Adverbial modifier:

Time – is usually expressed by P.I simple of verbs of motion and perception (F.e. Turning slowly, she left the room). Conj: when, while.
Reason/cause – verbs, denoting emotions and mental activity(knowing, remembering, realizing, fearing)(F.e. Knowing English well, he translated without the dictionary)
Attending circumstances – P.I denotes some actions which are parallel to the action, denoted by the finite verb (F.e. He was sitting in an armchair reading a book)
Manner – characterizes the action of the finite verb (F.e. She was running breathing heavily)
Comparison – conj: as if, as though.
Parenthesis (F.e. generally speaking, legally, strictly, broadly, roughly, putting it mildly, taking everything into account).