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РЕГИСТРАЦИЯ ЭКСКУРСИЯ

Phraseology. Classification of Phraseological Units.


Phraseology is a branch of lexicology studying phraseological units (set expressions, praseologisms, or idioms (in foreign linguistics). Phraseological units differ from free word-groups semantically and structurally: 1) they convey a single concept and their meaning is idiomatic, i.e. it is not a mere total of the meanings of their components 2) they are characterized by structural invariability (no word can be substituted for any component of a phraseological unit without destroying its sense (to have a bee in one’s bonnet (not cap or hat). 3) they are not created in speech but used as ready-made units. Unlike a word, a phraseological unit can be divided into separately structured elements and transformed syntactically

Кунин Classification:

1. Одновершинные (with one peak)

( one peak phraseological units, one form word, one notional )

  • Ex.: to leave for good
  • By heart
  • At bay – быть в отчаянном положении

2. Phrasemes with the structure of subordinate or coordinate word combination.

  • Ex.: a bitter pill to swallow
  • All the world & his wife

3. Partly predicative

( a word + subordinate clause )

  • Ex.: It was the last straw that broke the camels back

4. Verbal with (infinitive, passive)

  • Ex.: to eat like a wolf
  • The Rubicon is crossed

5. Phrasal units with a simple or complex sentence structure

  • Ex.: There is a black sheep in every flock.
  • It was the last straw that broke the camel’s back

Koonin: “Structural-semantic classification”.

1. Nominative

  • A hard nut to crack

2. Nominative –communicative

  • The ice is broken

3. Interjectional & modal

  • (Emotions, feelings)
  • Oh, my eye! (= Oh, my God!)
  • As sure as eggs is eggs (просто, как 2х2)

4. Communicative (proverbs, sayings)

  • There is no smoke without fire.

Nominative:

  • Substantive: crocodile tears
  • Adjective: as mad as a hatter, as cool as a cucumber
  • Adverbial: by & by, to & fro
  • Verbal: to live like a lord

 


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