Adverbs can answer questions, start questions, give more information, and connect parts of a sentence.
Adverbs of manner answer the question, “How?” She watched the children carefully.
Adverbs of time answer the question, “When?” I always arrive early for my appointment.
Adverbs of place answer “Where?” Why don’t you play outside?
Adverbs of degree answer “How much?” After the trip, I was totally exhausted.
Adverbs of frequency would answer the question “How often?” We watch movies occasionally.
Conjunctive adverbs can connect clauses or sentences. Here is a short list of some conjunctive adverbs:
also, besides, finally, however, instead, nevertheless, next, now, otherwise, still, then, therefore, and thus.
2. The established classification of sentence parts reflects their important
property – whether or not they are involved in forming the predicative center of the
sentence. Traditionally the main and the secondary parts have been singled out.
Besides these two types there is one more — elements which are said to stand
outside the sentence structure. The two generally recognized main parts are the
subject and the predicate. The secondary parts include the object, the adverbial
modifier, and the attribute.
The subject and the predicate have a unique standing in the system of
sentence parts. They form the backbone of the sentence. They are interdependent
and independent of any other sentence member while all other members can be dependent either on the subject or on the predicate. The subject and the predicate
can form a sentence on their own.
e.g. She smiles. He is running.
Semantic roles:
Agent: A participant which the meaning of the verb specifies as doing or causing something, possibly intentionally. Examples: subjects of kill, eat, hit, smash, kick, watch.
Patient: a participant which the verb characterizes as having something happen to it, and as being affected by what happens to it. Examples: objects of kill, eat, smash but not those of watch, hear, love.
Experiencer: A participant who is characterized as aware of something. Examples: subject of love, object of annoy.
Theme: A participant which is characterized as changing its position or condition, or as being in a state or position. Examples: objects of give, hand, subjects of walk, die.
Location: The thematic role associated with the NP expressing the location in a sentence with a verb of location. Examples: subjects of keep, own, retain, know, locative PPs.
Source: Object from which motion proceeds. Examples: subjects of buy, promise, objects of deprive, free, cure.
Goal: Object to which motion proceeds. Examples: subject of receive, buy, dative objects of tell, give.
