пользователей: 30398
предметов: 12406
вопросов: 234839
Конспект-online
РЕГИСТРАЦИЯ ЭКСКУРСИЯ

21. Semantic characteristics of English adverbs. Classes of adverbs.

Adverbs may be classified not only on the ground of their morphemic composition but also on the ground of their semantic characteristics. As a rule, semantically, adverbs are divided into 3 classes:      

  1. of manner
  2. quantitative
  3. circumstantial.

Adverbs of manner is an open productive class of adverb formed from descriptive adj by adding a derivational  suff –ly. This is the only class of adv which has the gramm category of degrees of compressing.

Quickly-more quickly/quicker.

Quantitative adverbs include words of degree. These are specific lexical units of semi-functional nature expressing measure, or gradational evaluation of qualities.

 They undergo a further subdivision into three clearly distinct groups.

  • The first group is formed by adverbs of high degree – so-called “intensi-fiers” (very, highly, perfectly, absolutely, strongly, much). Here also belong adverbs of excessive degree (direct and reverse) (too, awfully, tremendously, dreadfully, terrifically) and adverbs of unexpected degree (surprisingly, astonishingly, amazingly).
  • The second group is formed by adverbs of moderate degree (fairly, comparatively, relatively, moderately, rather), approximate degree (almost, nearly) and optimal degree (enough, sufficiently, adequately).
  • The third group contains adverbs of low degree (slightly, a little, a bit) and inadequate degree (insufficiently, intolerably, unbearably, ridiculously).

Circumstantial adverbs are divided into notional and functional. The functional circumstantial adverbs are words of pronominal nature that include adverbs of time, place, manner, cause, and consequence. Many of these words are used as syntactic connectives and question-forming function words, e.g. now, here, when, where, so, thus, how, why, etc.

As for circumstantial adverbs of more self-dependent nature, they include three basic groups:

  1. adverbs of place (here, near, far, upstairs, forward),
  2. adverbs of time (now, today, tomorrow, lately),
  3. adverbs of frequency (always, seldom, often, never).


хиты: 267
рейтинг:0
Гуманитарные науки
лингвистика и языки
для добавления комментариев необходимо авторизироваться.
  Copyright © 2013-2024. All Rights Reserved. помощь