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28.parameters of a linguistic dictionary

A linguistic dictionary is a book of words in a language, usually listed alphabetically, with definitions, pronunciations, etymologies and other linguistic information or with their equivalents in another language(s).

According to the nature of their word-list linguistic dictionaries are divided into general and restricted. The terms do not refer to the size of the dictionary. General dictionaries contain lexical units from various spheres of life, while restricted - only from certain part of the word-stock.

General dictionaries represent the vocabulary as a whole with a degree of completeness depending upon the scope. The group includes the thirteen volumes of "The Oxford English Dictionary" alongside with any pocket dictionary. According to the information supplied general dictionaries are subdivided into: (1) explanatory dictionaries and (2) specialized - those having very specific aim. The second subgroup includes, for instance, etymological, frequency, phonetical, rhyming and thesaurus type of dictionaries. Afrequency dictionary is a list of words, each of each is followed by a record of its frequency of occurrence in one or several sets of reading matter. Arhyming dictionary is arranged in inverse order. Athesaurus is an ideographic dictionary compiled according to the semantic parameters, contains all the words of language.

According to the information they provide restricted dictionaries are classified into dictionaries of abbreviations, synonyms, antonyms, borrowings, new words, proverbs, surnames, toponyms, of American English, dialect and slang dictionaries, glossaries of scientific and other special terms.

All types of dictionaries, save the translation ones, may be monolingual or bilingual, i.e. the information about the items entered may be given in the same language or in another one.

Don't mix up the terms monolingual and explanatory, on the one hand, and bilingual and translation on the other. The two pairs reflect different dimensions of dictionaries. The terms monolingual and bilingual pertain to the language in which the information is given. The terms explanatory and translation dictionaries characterize the kind of information itself.

It is important to realize that no dictionary can be a general-purpose wordbook, each one is designed for a certain set of users: students, general public, etc.

Thus to characterize a dictionary one must qualify it at list from the four angles:

(1) the nature of the word-stock;

(2) the information supplied;

(3) the language of the explanations;

(4) the prospective user.

Some Basic Problems of Dictionary-Compiling

To get maximum information from dictionaries it is useful to have an insight into the experience of lexicographers and some of the main problems underlying their work.

The work at a dictionary consists of the following main steps: the selection of material, the selection of entries and their arrangement, the setting of each entry.

All stages of his work the lexicographer is confronted with different problems. The most important of them are the following: (1) the selection of lexical units for inclusion, (2) their arrangement, (3) the selection and arrangement (grouping) of word-meaning, (4) the definition of meanings, (5) illustrative material, (6) the setting of the entries, (7) supplementary material.

A linguistic dictionary is a book of words in a language, usually listed alphabetically, with definitions, pronunciations, etymologies and other linguistic information or with their equivalents in another language(s).

According to the nature of their word-list linguistic dictionaries are divided into general and restricted. The terms do not refer to the size of the dictionary. General dictionaries contain lexical units from various spheres of life, while restricted - only from certain part of the word-stock.

General dictionaries represent the vocabulary as a whole with a degree of completeness depending upon the scope. The group includes the thirteen volumes of "The Oxford English Dictionary" alongside with any pocket dictionary. According to the information supplied general dictionaries are subdivided into: (1) explanatory dictionaries and (2) specialized - those having very specific aim. The second subgroup includes, for instance, etymological, frequency, phonetical, rhyming and thesaurus type of dictionaries. Afrequency dictionary is a list of words, each of each is followed by a record of its frequency of occurrence in one or several sets of reading matter. Arhyming dictionary is arranged in inverse order. Athesaurus is an ideographic dictionary compiled according to the semantic parameters, contains all the words of language.

According to the information they provide restricted dictionaries are classified into dictionaries of abbreviations, synonyms, antonyms, borrowings, new words, proverbs, surnames, toponyms, of American English, dialect and slang dictionaries, glossaries of scientific and other special terms.

All types of dictionaries, save the translation ones, may be monolingual or bilingual, i.e. the information about the items entered may be given in the same language or in another one.

Don't mix up the terms monolingual and explanatory, on the one hand, and bilingual and translation on the other. The two pairs reflect different dimensions of dictionaries. The terms monolingual and bilingual pertain to the language in which the information is given. The terms explanatory and translation dictionaries characterize the kind of information itself.

It is important to realize that no dictionary can be a general-purpose wordbook, each one is designed for a certain set of users: students, general public, etc.

Thus to characterize a dictionary one must qualify it at list from the four angles:

(1) the nature of the word-stock;

(2) the information supplied;

(3) the language of the explanations;


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